1. Mutualism

         This is a picture of a bee on a flower. This picture represents mutualism. Mutualism refers to a long-term relationship between two organisms where both organisms benefit. Flowers help bees by providing nectar; nectar is necessary for the bees to make honey. Bees help flowers by pollinating. When bees go from flower to flower, they collect pollen on their bodies, carry the pollen to other flowers, and pollinate those plants. The relationship between the bee and the flower is an example of mutualism because both benefit: the bee gets food, and the flower can reproduce.

2. Long Day Plant

This is a picture of spinach. Spinach is an example of a long day plant. A long day plant is a plant that flowers when it is exposed to sunlight for a longer time than its critical day length. It needs a long light period and a short dark period. For spinach, it will flower with over twelve hours sunlight. This is why spinach planted for the purposes of food is usually planted during the fall or very early spring. Otherwise, if it is planted in the summer when the days are longer, it would flower because it is a long day plant.

3. Autotroph

         This is a picture of a tomato plant. A tomato is an example of an autotroph. Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food using either sunlight or chemical energy. Examples of autotrophs include plants, algae, and some bacteria. The pictured tomato is a plant that uses light energy through photosynthesis to produce glucose. The chlorophyll, which is where photosynthesis takes place, makes the tomato plant’s leaves green; this is why all green plants are autotrophs.

4. Gymnosperm Cone

     This is a picture of a pine cone, which is an example of a gymnosperm cone. A gymnosperm cone is the part of a gymnosperm tree that allows the tree to reproduce. It can be either female or male: a female cone holds the seeds of the tree, and a male cone produces pollen. This pine cone is a female cone because it contains the seeds of a conifer tree. It represents a gymnosperm cone because, unlike the fruits of angiosperms, the cone does not completely enclose the seeds in it; you can see that there is a lot of empty space between the cone's scales.

5. C3 Plant

This is a picture of a deciduous tree, which is an example of a C3 plant. A C3 plant is a plant that only uses the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation and makes a three-carbon compound during the Calvin cycle. Hot and dry conditions reduce the effectiveness of C3 photosynthesis.The majority of all plants are C3 plants, including most trees. This tree uses C3 photosynthesis instead of C4 or CAM likely because the climate it grows in is not especially hot or dry. So, because it grows in a temperate climate, it uses C3 photosynthesis effectively.

6. Amniotic Egg

          This is a chicken egg, which represents an amniotic egg. An amniotic egg is an egg that has fluid-filled membranes that protect the embryo. These eggs have an outer shell and four membranes: the allantois, chorion, amnion, and yolk sac. All birds, all reptiles, and some mammals have amniotic eggs. A chicken egg is an example of an amniotic egg because it has a yolk that provides nutrients that helps the embryo grow. Nutrients are also stored in the albumen, which is the “egg white” in a chicken egg. 

7. Ectotherm

          This is a picture of a snake. A snake is an example of an ectotherm. An ectotherm is an animal that cannot control its internal body temperature, so it depends on external sources of energy to regulate body temperature. All reptiles, fish, amphibians, and invertebrates are ectotherms, including snakes. Snakes and other ectotherms have to use outside sources to regulate body temperature, so they are often active during the day in order to make use of the sun’s warmth.

8. C4 Plant

         This is a picture of corn. Corn is an example of a C4 plant. A C4 plant is a plant that makes a four-carbon compound during the Calvin cycle by separating the Calvin cycle from the light-dependent reactions. This altered process of photosynthesis helps C4 plants use the Calvin cycle more effectively and minimize the effects of photorespiration. C4 photosynthesis is found in places with warm temperatures and lots of sunlight where it is useful to conserve water, and corn grows in warm climates which is why corn uses C4 photosynthesis.

9. Introduced Species

This is a picture of a lionfish. This lionfish represents introduced species. An introduced species is a species that was moved from its native habitat to a new geographic location by humans. Lionfish are native to the Indo-Pacific region, which constitutes of the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, because they are popular aquarium fish in North America, some lionfish were released into the Atlantic Ocean, so lionfish were introduced to the Atlantic Ocean along the coast of the United States. Beyond being just an introduced species, lionfish are also considered an invasive species because they are thriving as predators of native fish species.

10. Endotherm

This is a picture of a bald eagle. This bald eagle represents an endotherm. An endotherm is an animal that can control its own internal body temperature. All birds, such as eagles, and mammals are endothermic. An eagle uses the food it eats, such as fish, to generate heat in order to maintain its body temperature. Because of this, eagles are able to be active and move around even when it is winter and the temperature is relatively cold.

11. Eukaryote

This is a picture of a turtle. A turtle is an example of an eukaryote. An eukaryote is an organism whose cells have nuclei with membranes and organelles. All protists, fungi, plants, and animals have these types of cells, so an animal such as a turtle would be classified as an eukaryote. That turtles are eukaryotic is also a reason why turtles are complex organisms. Since eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, turtle is multicellular and a complex organism versus an organism like bacteria.

12. Heterotrophy

This is a picture of an alligator, which is an example of heterotrophy. Heterotrophy refers to an organism called a heterotroph that gets its food by eating other organisms, such as plants or animals. Heterotrophs cannot make their own food, so they have to consume other organisms or hunt to get food. An alligator is a predator who hunts and eats animals such as fish and small mammals in order to survive. Alligators are heterotrophs because they get the energy they need for everyday activities and to grow by eating.

13. Stigma and Style of Carpel

This is a picture of a flower, which represents the stigma and style of a carpel. The carpel is the female reproductive structure of a flower that includes the stigma and the style. It is located in the center of the flower. The stigma is the sticky top part that traps pollen, and the style is the stalk of the carpel that connects the stigma and the ovary. This flower represents a carpel because most flowers have both the male and female - the carpel - reproductive organs.This flower needs the stigma and style of a carpel in order to reproduce because the carpel allow pollen to fertilize the ovules.

14. Animal That Has a Segmented Body

This is a picture of a shrimp, which is an example of an animal with a segmented body. An animal with a segmented body is an animal whose body is made up of a series of repetitive parts, or segments. Each segment is similar to each other, and each set of segments are put together into a bigger group, such as the thorax. A shrimp is an animal with a segmented body because its body is separated into three parts: the head, thorax, and abdomen. A shrimp's abdomen, for example, is also made up of many segments.

15. Exoskeleton

This is a picture of a crab. A crab is an example of an animal with an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is the hard covering located on the outside of an animal that protects and supports the animal's body. Most invertebrates have exoskeletons, which includes arthropods and crustaceans such as a crab. A crab has a shell that is the shape of the crab's entire body. This shell is the crab's exoskeleton, and it is because of the crab's exoskeleton that the outside of a crab is hard.

16. Bilateral Symmetry

This is a picture of a lobster, which represents bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry is a body form that can be divided into two mirror images. If a line is drawn down the middle of a lobster from its head to its tail, then each side of the lobster will be roughly the same. Lobsters have bilateral symmetry because most mobile animals, which ranges from lobsters to birds to humans, have bilateral symmetry to help them with coordination. 

17. Radial Symmetry

This is a picture of a starfish. A starfish represents radial symmetry. Radial symmetry is a body form where equal parts radiate outwards from a center. Cnidarians and echinoderms, which includes starfish, are characterized by their radial symmetry. Five lines that cut through the center of a starfish will result in five equal parts. Because it is radially symmetric, a starfish does not have a head, a left side, or a right side.

18. Pollinator

         This is a picture of a butterfly, which is an example of a pollinator. A pollinator is an organism that helps to fertilize a plant by carrying pollen from an anther to a stigma. Butterflies are common examples of pollinators; when they fly from flower to flower for nectar, pollen from the anther collects on the butterflies’ body and legs. When the butterfly moves to a different flower, it brings the pollen with it and pollinates the new flower. In this way, butterflies help plants reproduce.

19. Anther and Filament of Stamen

          This is a picture of a flower, which represents the anther and filament of a stamen. The stamen is the male reproductive structure of a flower. The stamens are located around the carpel at the center of the flower and is made up of two parts: the anther and the filament. The filament is a thin stalk that holds up the anther; the anther is at the top of the filament and produces pollen. This flower represents a stamen because most flowers have both the male - the stamen - and female reproductive organs. A flower needs a stamen to produce pollen that fertilizes the ovules.

20. Phloem

         This is a picture of a tree trunk. This is an example of phloem. Phloem is the tissue in vascular plants that transport sugar and nutrients throughout the plant. In a tree, the phloem is located in the trunk between the cambium and the tree’s bark. All trees, as well as other vascular plants, need phloem to survive because that is how all parts of the plant get the needed nutrients to grow. There is phloem in the tree trunk because the tree needs to supply the food made in the leaves leaves to the rest of the tree, and the tree does so by transporting the food through the phloem in the trunk. 

21. CAM Plant

          This is a picture of a pineapple. A pineapple is an example of a CAM plant. A CAM plant uses crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), which is a type of photosynthesis that is adapted for dry climates and allows the plant to conserve water. Pineapples use CAM photosynthesis in order to lessen the effects of photorespiration. Because pineapples are CAM plants, they are able to survive long periods of drought. Pineapples are also able to grow in hot climates because using crassulacean acid metabolism means they do not lose a lot of water during the day.

22. Flower Ovary

     This is a picture of a flower which represents a flower ovary. A flower ovary is the part of the carpel where the ovules develop. It is the bottom part of the carpel, which is in the center of the flower. The ovary is located at the base of the carpel near where the flower connects with the stem. Most flowers, including the pictured flower, have both stamen and the carpel, as well as the ovary. The ovary is a necessary part of a flower when the flower reproduces because it holds the ovules which, when fertilized, will become seeds.

23. Endosperm

This is a picture of pinto beans, which are an example of endosperm. Endosperm is the tissue in angiosperm seeds that provides nutrients for the developing embryo. Beans are a type of seed, so they have endosperm. When the embryo starts to develop, then the embryo will use up the food and nutrients stored in the endosperm, allowing the bean plant to grow. Also, when people eat pinto beans or any other type of bean, the endosperm is the nutritious part of the beans.

24. K-strategist

         This is a picture of a horse. A horse is an example of a k-strategist. K-strategists are animals that have fewer offspring, but the offspring have a greater chance of survival. They usually live in relatively stable habitats, have long life spans, and are larger in size. Horses have only one, sometimes two, foals at a time, and the mares care for their offspring for a long time. Because horses take care of their offspring, the foals have a high chance of survival and often go on to have long lives.

25. Cuticle Layer of a Plant

     This is a picture of a leaf and represents the cuticle layer of a plant. A cuticle is a waxy layer that completely covers the outside of a plant’s leaves and stem. The cuticle protects a plant from losing too much water by acting as a sort of barrier. The thickness of the cuticle can vary, but all plants have cuticles; the cuticle covers parts of the plant that are above ground, including the leaves and non-woody stems. The cuticle can sometimes cause the leaves to have a glossy or shiny appearance, as seen here.